)______ any instructions from their government,they could not give an answer.  A.Having not

分词的完成时态作状语.
这句话的意思是:政府部门没有给出任何指示,他们不能给出答复.“没有给出指示这个动作”在他们“不能给出答复”之前发生并完成,因此要用完成时态“having V过去分词”做状语.
可以把这一个句子分成两个句子:1) They have not received any instructions from their government.2) They could not give an answer.把1)2)合成一个句子,1)作为状语变成:Having not received any instructions from their government,they could not give an answer.

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